Hollinger 

pH8.5 

Mill Run F3.1 955 



: 458 
3 

M18 
opy 1 



t\. D J3 R E S S 



i)i:i.i\i;i;i:i) r.v 



.0 



HON. JAMES W. WALL, 



AT NEWARK, N. J., 



J Lily 4 til, 1863. 



NEWARK, N. J.: 

DAILY JOURNAL PRINT, 158 MARKET STREET. 

1863. 



f\ 




^\ I ) I ) I ; !•: s s 



It was tlio yv.w :VM) licforc tin- (■liri>li.in cr.i. Tlif criTat Ko- 
111.111 (iciuial Cainilliis, i-oiHiiuTor ut■^■l•ii, liati ritnnicW t«>]{.)m«. 
laik-ii witli tlif >i.<»ils (.f a <U'Va.>.tatf<Nity ; in Iriuiiii.li lu- lia<l 
]»assi'(l aloiii; till' Satii'.l Way, ami ir<>iif ii|» to tin- ('a).itol in :i 
(•liarint <lra\\ii liv tniir wliitf Iktms, *' liki- tin- C'liarii>t ul tin- 
J^un." 

All Jiniiir was out to 'j^rvvX liini. 

"While lainvl lioughs !in<l (l<iw(.r>, 
From Imuso-top ami from wiiulows, 
Fell on his cre-;t in showt-rs." 

Never lia>l Kmnaii (n-neral so triiuiiplie.l lielVire, aii<l oM men 
shook their iicails, lor tln-y IV-areil the vi-nLri-anfu of th«' j;o<ls 
mij^ht tall upon tlie vietor ami upon IJoinc on aeeount of tliat 
victor's priiK'. In an e\il hour, while Hushe.l with triumph, 
C'amillus appropriate.! to himself the lira/en iratis of tlu- city. 
Tm])cachment follo\ve<l, then Itanishmcnt — for thus the lioinans 
of that earlier ami purer «lay of the Kcpuhlic /*/////.«»/»#// //</• (,',n- 
I ni/ ir/in imiih! iirnir rirh Hjtnii t/ii ttpitil.t trnii frnni an inttin/. 
As sorrowful anti <lei;ra<UMl he went out of one of thi- city .i;al«'s 
towanls tin- place of his exile, he tunietl him ahout an<l prayed 
that the country miv,'ht soon fee! !iis want. His partinir prayer 
was !ieanl,for within a yiar l!ic(tau! was at tin- «,'atc ol" K'onie, 
:iihI the >iii.)k*' t>\' the one.' prowl < ify a<cen<Ie<l like the «.niok«\ 
of a fiirnacf. At that verv Imur the <\ile<l Koman turne<l hi< 



stc'|)S towanls the jilaco of liis l);inisliiiU'nt, n 1crril)le lionle of 
tierce- ami straiiui' l>ail>arians Av<?re s\vee})in£: like n locust swarm 
ove-r all the soiitlieiii [ilains of Italy, crushing and destroyintr. 
These yellow-haired, blue-eyed strantjers had years before poured 
down upon the northern plains of this country of the olive and 
the vine, spreading themselves ovei- all the land that lay be- 
tween the xVppenines and the Adriatic sea. And now tliey had 
crossed the Appenines at the invitation of a citizen of Clusium, 
■whose traitor soul had taken this mean revenge ; and their oo- 
liorts lay liki' the coils of some glistening serpent upon the plain 
rouiiil the Etiuseaii city. Despairing and hopeless, the friglit- 
eiie<l citizens of ('jiisium called upon IJome, her ancient foe, for 
succor; l)Ut whom now a comnu»n danger, they trusted, would 
soon transform into a friend and ally. Xor "was their faith vain. 
Koine, ronsed liy the exigencies of a conunon jjcril, sent the 
tliri-e Faliii, sons oftlie Pontifex ]\Iaximus, to warn this stranger 
foe not to meddle witli the men of Clusium. An insulting 
menact- from the lips of one of the Roman ambassadors roiased 
the tierce leailei- of the barbarians, and breaking up his camp he 
marched at once on Rome. lie had not reached the -walls of 
" the Seven Hilled City" before he was confronted by the Ro- 
mans -who had gone out to meet him on the banks of the Alia, 
a stream that still murnuirs over its pebbly bed as it rolls 
toward " the Yellow Tiber, from its source in the Sabine hills. 
The weight of the immbers of the barbarians soon, hoAvever, 
bore down all op|iosition, and the fierce human torrent rolled on 
towards the doomed city of the Tiber, 

" And from the rock Tarpcian 

Did IIk' war burghers spy 
The line of blazing villages 

Red on the midnight sky ; 
And nearer fast, and nearer 

I)oth the red whirlwind conic, 
And louder still and still more loud, 

Kroni underneath the rolling cloud, 
Was heard the triuni)et's war note proud, 

The tranipling and tiie run." 

'I'lu' ConM-iiiil Kathers of the ri\\ \,u[ forth every evertioii to 
relricM" ihejr lalU-n fortunes ; but buch was tlie j»auic createil hy 



tlic |>n>s(Mii't' of thosf l»;irl>:iri:in liorilfs, tlii-y f:tilt'il in <-\rry 
ftVnrt to iiiMi) tin- cily walls :iir:iiii>f tlir iii\ mliiii; fm-. 'I'licii it 
vas that oM st-iiafors \vli«> lia<l Im-cm ciiiisuls ami rcii'^ors ; wlio 
lia«l Moil tiiiim|»lis ami iri'»\\ii Lricy in tin- .st-rviiT, <lcl4M*iniiicit to 
sacrilicc tlinn^ch cs lor lumic, if pcrcliam-f tlu-y niii,'lit avi-rt 
tlir iiiijifmliiii; late. TIh' .>«a«-n't| *' ("arnn-n" was miii;; l»y tin- 
Piiiitifi'X .MMviiiius, ami tin- soK-nni litt-s |uTloniu'il hy wliicli 
tlii-y (Ifvotcl flu-nisi'lvrs to tin- intinial <:«»<ls«lio iiiii,'lit liiirl 
upon tlu'ir heads tin- full ton-c of tin- ^«•llL^^•am•^• an<I (U'strurtii»ii 
tlircatt'iiini; tliiir lH-|oVf«l «-ity. AntI w lirii llii-y liranl tlir ••laiiijor 
of till' (ia)lij' fnini|i«'t.s and tin- tramp of tin- Warharir Ifirions, 
ns rtuslicil with triumph tlu-y s\v»'pt on towards IJomo, thr«i.' 
Komaii st-nalors ordiTi-d thi-ir furiilc chairs t(» !)«• set in tin- 
("omitinm, just at tlii' l^asr of tin* I'alatinr Hill, whi-rr now 
thri'o nohli- columns, majestic t-vcn in decay, attest the splendor 
that once ornamenfi'd this portion of the I'onian Korum. 

Onward swe|)t theCiallic liost, approa<liinir the city l.y the 
C'olline irate. To tlu- astonishment of the foe, it stood wide open 
lu'fore them. Then slowly they advanced, not without suspi- 
fiuii of an amltush, throuixh deserted streets, unresisted and 
uneheeke<l. Keachinir the Korum, there witliin its sa<M-ed pre- 
cincts, eacli in his <-uruIe chair, they In-held these veneralde men, 
" looking'," as one of their own ami.dists hath it, " like so many 
Uods descen<led from heaven to save tin* city." For awhile 
thev i^a/ed in silent awe u|>on this suhlime si<,'ht, as wt-ll they 
miirht, imtil :i (Jaul, hardier and more irreven-nt than the rest, 
ventureil to stroke the lonir white lu-ard of .Marcus I'ajK-rias, who 
raisi'd his ivory start' and smote tlu" ortender to the earth. Tlu' 
savaire reciivcrinur from the Mow, in his raire slew him, and this 
lirst sword-stroke ir:»v»' the si<;nal for a iriMu-ral mas>a«-re ; \\ hen 
soon the mutilated ri-mains of Kom:in senators fast l»y their 
curule chairs attesteil that as in life, so in death, were they 
faithful to th<' KepuMic. Such w.is tlu* devotion of early K'onie ; 
lierce in its wild resolve, mo>t trairic in its <-onsummati<>ii. 

.Vnd, eitizt-ns I have wi* no historic parallel for this itoman 
act of stern devotion 'i Not p«'rhaps like it in all its tniijie »li'- 
tails, lint in the saerifiet's involved, and the moral iri'JUideur of 
the ait, fully cipialinLT, if not surpassini; it '•' Was not the event 
vou :ire hen- to celehrate, w hen vou look at :dl tlie surround- 



6 

inirs, tlic cirounistanccs ;iii<l sitii.itiDH of flio actors, tlic stni-fliiiG; 
Jiazanl of the dei'd, CMjual if not su[)cri<)r to tlic stem patriotism 
of that IJoinaii Senate, a\1i«i in their ivory cliairs, in tlieir Mow 
iiiLf robes, and grasjiini; their "wands of oHiee, awaited in majes- 
tic silence the comini,^ of the foe, that they miuht aive their 
lives an ofterini; to the infernal ijods to sa\ e the l{ei»ul»lic V The 
Conscrij)! Fathers of our lkepul»Iic, ^\llo in that Hall still ])re- 
i^erved to us in a neiuhboring city, -when cloutls andflarkness were 
gathered in their oloom around a f linting cause, could atiix their 
siunatures to that instrument just read, exhihitetl a moral cou rage 
far beyond all Greek or Roman fame. This delihera^te ai)])eal to 
the Xations of the Earth, to ]»osterity and the God of Battles, 
by that solenui conclave seated in our C(miiti\nn, and who from 
their senatorial.s chairs looked so boldly into the face of their 
powerful foe, at once gave dignity and lioi)e to a fainting cause. 
It Mas no longer an unholy struggle of subjects against a mon- 
ai'ch, of children against their ])arent. It Avas no longer a 
contest for mere matter of ojiinion, linl for nallonal t'xistence. 
It became under the awful sanction <>f their sublime de\otion, 
the teniiK'iate and detiTmined stand of men who knew their 
rights, and knowing dared maintain them. They '* jiledged to 
each other their lives, their fortunes, and their sacred honors" 
a])i)ealing to the 8u])reme Judge for the lectitude of their inten- 
tions, and leanhig with contiding trust upon llis .Mmighty arm 
for their support. The one Avas the deed of a heathen senate, 
actuated by a blind superstition. The other, the <laring resolve 
of the bi-.ivc I'lpronitatives of a cliri>tian people — i)i>tanci's 
l)oih of luiseltish devotion for the welfare of the coimnonwealth, 
in tl.oM' l)rave days of (.1.1. 

And now in the ini<lst of all tlu' lun-rors of a civil war, the 
like of whi.-li the world has ne\ ci- known, it <loes si'i^ni as iflhi' 
inboix of nil tlie>e men had Ihtii in vain. In \ie\\ of all the 
rcxclations of the \:i<\ two feai-ful years— with a full .•onscious- 
ness of the etforts that were made l»y tho^e. w ho in the oiitsi'l, 
of oiii- diniculties ucrr^eiit on tlu'ir mission of peaei' 1o preserve 
by timely coiiipi-omist' dial nationalit v. the annivi-rsary of whose 
birth we are her.' (o <-ilebrate, I can >ay tiiithfully with Queen 
Kh-an-.r in Kin-- .lohn; 



" Tliis nujrlil have boon prevented nnd made wIidIc, 
\Vitli very easy ar^rnments of love, 
AVlii<'li now the nianii>;o of two kin;;doms, must 
■\Vitli fearful, Moody issue arhitrate." 

It looks (onicMou, .IS I r;iiii:i' my eye oxcrtlic lii>tnry of tli:it. 
li'Milul stiiiiXnU' hcluccn r;ini]i.inl riinnticisin Mini cunstit uti<>ii:il 
rijrlits, tli:it \\r <j::\\ r n\t fiudi, jiisdcc and tin- ('(»nstitnli«)ii \\<r a 
iniTc al)str:icti<>n, and that we \\<»nld have savc(l onrsidvcs from 
faction and misrule, and iIh- w a is of factions, l»y simply ailhcriui; 
lo the written Ictt* r of the ( 'c.n>t itntioii, and tliinkini,' more of 
tlic r<'al intiTcsts <if tlie w hiti', or superioi- laee, in this licpnh- 
lic ; instead of monrninLj over or interfering with the imai;inary 
■wrongs lit" tlie Mack, or inferior race. Have we in)t in the for- 
eible Iani,niatje of an inJellii;eii) Ficnchman, '* Destroyed the 
.sun for his sjiots — forirotfeii his ample orl>— the hroad niaLrniti- 
eence of the liL;hl shadow he casts — thi' heneficent i^rasp <d" his 
hands upon the planets ?" \Ve des]>ised and cast down this S(dar 
order of (iod, because in our coiiiHiteil vision, we (••uiceived <d' 
a sun w ithout spots ; oi- lieiau>e in our pridi', we iH-ally su]»p<isi.d 
we could make a finer thiuL;', e\i'ii, than this, ^' if a-,,, -hi of ot/tir 

\\'c )>reteii-ed the unimportant (juestion of the relative future 
])olitical status of the Mack race in <vrtain tt'rritories to the 
solcnni (piestion whethei- we slio\dd remain any lonLTei' a united 
jieople? We i)refeire.l to let sectional hitternos and and)ition 
seize on tlu' uiii\er>al discontent, an<l IxMidinu- it to their vile 
jmrposes, make the alternative distii\ct — disunion or sonu- mair- 
nanimous concession, the like of which had secuii-d to us nur 
jrovernnient. And when the fearful issue was ma<h', we ac- 
(•e|»ted the tii>t hecause our fanaticism and short-sii,dited, in<ane 
jiride, made n> shrink weakly and cowardly from the latter. 
We ma.le the .pU'stioii a mere matti'r of si'ctional honor, when 
it should ha\c heeii determined hy the Ljolden rnh' of hrother- 
liood anrl a coumiiom nationality. 'I'lu- patriotism that woidd 
have saved us then, was the patrioti>m we had lost— the j.atri- 
otisni (d" our Kevolulionary falhei>, of the men who \i\\\v n> our 
Constitution; that could ever sacrifice it«. prejudiee- and its 
]M"ide when the life of the nation wa>< in ipuv^tion. N\ C, how- 
ever, madly |ircf'eried to let pride and prejudice triumph o\er 



8 

our patriotism. We |irfii.'n'cMl to let the nation i^o down before 
tlic section oi- tlie ]iarty. 

We lost si^rlit too lonii- f>i' brotherly ntfeetion an«l kimlness. 
Wo permitted the golden chain of fraternal aftection, uhose 
links Avere welded in Kevolntionary fires, to Le rudely snapped 
asunder in the shock of mere i)artisau strife, and allowed a 
devilish, sectional fanaticism to usurp the lofty, God-like seat of 
a whole-souled, omnijtresent patriotism. We thouglit more of 
the i)rejudices and short-sighted passions of warring sections, 
than of the ol)ligations of the Constitution — of Union for the 
j)urpose of partisan triumph than of that nobler Union our 
fathers secured for us — ordained to " establish justice, ensure 
domestic tranquility, promote the general welfare, and secure 
the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity.'" We 
tumed a deaf ear to the warning voices of tlie past. Those 
*' dead and seeptered sovereigns" of our former greatness should 
have " ruled us from their urns." We would not listen to the 
parting words of him "Heaven made childless that a nation 
might call him father." 

If tlie whole North as well as South had only b((wed themseves 
submissively to his teachings, and followed with the contiding 
faith of little cliildieii his noble ])recepts, to-day " the sound of 
hammers closing rivets up " Avould not have been heard in this 
land. The plouglishare of war Avould have been still rusting in its 
furrow. The precious blood of one family and one nation would 
not have been smoking from clashing and avenging steel, while 
till' wail of the widoAved and the fatherless — of the mother for 
the ]>ride of her breast, and the father for the ho])e of his house 
— would nut be sounding its mournful dirge tlirouglK>ut the 
laud. 

The fact is, c-iti/eus, this rexolution caught us with a wrctcheil 
set of tritlei-s, fanatics ami demagogues in power, — men who 
scparati'd the Cuiou as an accident from the n.ation, and from 
the national liie. Thry Avould not learn, nor have they hardly 
Icaiurd it now, that the I'liiou was the nation, "and not a mere 
wra].|.ing lor thi' nation, like a tilK't for the head of ;i God," .and 
in their mad, persivtcnt .and continuous efforts to-day to bi-iug 
antagonistic races on an e(|u.irny with tluir own, to clothe them 
with all the rights (»f citi/.en-hiii. tiny ,irc doing what in them 





lies to make tlic Lrnlf tli:il imu \:i\\ii-, I.cl u cni the .•.cctiuiis Cor- 
I'ViT iiiiii:iss,;li|f. 

Tlir only Ii.-pr f-.r tliis nation. I lionotiv l.t licvr. in lli«- lur- 
iiacr (.1' liic tlii-(.u-li whicli it is jmoinir, i-- in onr' i-fturn to 
-\\ isilonTs ways— all of \\\u,>v patlis an- |K-acc. 

Tlir Liicat startlin-- tintli, written all over the cniinMinLT niar- 
1)K's of tile cMcr wnil.j, iv tliat ciniiirt-s can only lu- inaintaincil 
and iHi|.(tuati.| in viu^T l>y tlic samr virtues tliat were .le- 
A I'lojud at their oii-in. The same coui-airt', tlie same en.luranee, 
the same unsellish patriotism, that ealU-il the nation into l.ein-,', 
concentrated its ener<ries, and irave it a nanu- to live, must run 
parallel with the nali<.n's life, or its decay will hv rapid— its 
destruction sure. The political jtroufi'i'ss of nations issonu-times 
cyclical, iVom iusiunilicance thi-ouixh a period of irri'atness to 
insiirnificam-e airain ; hut that is liecause there Avas no virtue at 
the start. Thi' pronfress of nations is a fearful study, for we must 
Mck our data amidst wrecks an<l sepulchres and ruins, whih- we 
<lednce conclusions from the revolutions of empires and tlie 
destruction of kintrihrnis. 'I'he Seven Hilled City, that once <;ave 
]aws to a subject world, now tn-ndili-s and sliakes with appre- 
liension at the frown of a de-cendant of those very Northnu-n 
Avhose banners in the day ot' lur renown were as dust lieneath 
lier feet. I have stood and mu>ed upon the spot w here her 
miirhty e«litices once rested. Hillocks of mcuilderini; earth heavi-d 
around me as if the ilead heneath were struLT.udinLT in their last 
jjleeji. A purjde haze was o\cr .all, veiling; in sotU'st shadow 
the spectral wrecks of miLrhty ruins <»n whose rents and fissures 
the red liudit rested, like e\|)irinir tires upon ruine<l altars, while 
the loiiLC line of her sh.itteied a<|Ueducts stretched pier heyond 
j)ier, across the C'ampauiia. like sh.-idowy and countless troops of 
mourners passinir to ;i n.ition's LTfave. IJoine fell because slu* 
Avas not true to the example of tlie i^reat men, who in her i-arly 
l)eu:imiin<;s had ni.ade lier a n.ation. She forirot the br.ivery and 
jterseverance of Ivomulus, the prudence of Numa, and tin- rare, 
unselfish patriotism of Anciis Martins. 

And who is till re to-day that dois not fi'cl that if this Ke- 
|)ublic had been true to lu-rself, to tlu- example of her foundi-rs, 
.she Avould at this hour hav»' l»een rejoicintr in the beauty of her 
Jieritajieand the promise ot'hi-r d.iys. instead of beinir haw ked and 



10 

torn 1)V tlic villi Ufcs nl" c'nil striH-. Slic \v<mlil Ikivo ;icc«nii- 
jiHsIkmI to tiK' full the o-lorious vision that l.ravc ol.l ,AIilt<.n saw, 
■wild, thonuh his bodily siulit was dim, lilt within hinisulf the 
stininizs of a '/\i\ diviiK', when he c-xelaiined : 

'' ."Nfethinks I see in my juiml, a nohle and ]tnissant nation 
roll-ill-' herself, like a stroiiu' man, and shakiiiu" hei- invincililo 
locks. Mctliiiiks I sc-e her as an eai;-le, mewing- lu'r niiu:hty 
voiitli, and kindling' her eyes at the fountain itself of lu^aveiily 
,..,,11;,,,,H' — while the whole Hock of timid l»irds. w ith those also 
lli;;t love the twilight, Hutter ahoiit, ama/.ed at what it means."' 

And yet with all the incitements of our ulorioiis ])ast, with 
the |iromise of a future so gr.and, that the most ins] )ire<l prophetic 
\i>ion did ii()t seiMii coni])rehensi\ c enough to till ujt to the full 
tlu' measure of our glory, — in an evil liour, we h.-irtered away 
for the nure mess of jiottage of a fanatical alistraction, thi.s glo- 
rious liirthright. The voice soimdi'd liki' the xoice of huiiianity 
— '' the voice was Jacoh's voice ; iuit the hands were the hands 
of Ksaii." A\'e lost that ]necious hirthright hecaiise menignor- 
.-intly ami fanatically refiise(l to Ivaw this (|Uestion of slavery — 
with all its diverse and heaveii-coiit rolh-d relations — with all its 
accoiintal.ilities — with all the remedies it might require, or all 
the ditficiilty or jiressure it might reach — Aviiere our Fathers 
were content to h-ave it — 'Mo the consciences of those upon 
whom the pro\ ideiice of (ioil and the Constitution of the coun- 
try ha.l cast it."' 

The rnioii of these States ha.l heen vi' slow formation — it 
grew a.s the ivvv gi-ows, as the forest grows, jtreseiiting to tlu- 
eyi- a \ariety of foilage, an harmony of colors — e.ach trunk 
drawing :ippropriate iioiiri>-linient. an<l iie\er l)l:isting his whole- 
some i.rotlu'r. It stood too like the \\>rrs\ in its coiife.lerate.l 
strength, self--ii--taiiiiiig an<l imperi>lialile in the course of nature, 
ill whieh the people had the hope gi\ ell and the |>roinise that 
if tliev were true to them>el\<'s, and tlii' ti'achings ot' a Avise 
e\perii'nc( — '" while the earth iem;;iiielh. seed tiiiU' and harxest 
shall iK.t cease."" Ihil alas! it h;>- l.een wasted l.y faithless 
al.an.lonmeiit— it h.is l.een spoiled l.y rude and iiilhlevs violence ; 
ami oh I let iiv reiiu'inl.er that iiislriicrne natiin- reminds us that 
a simited gr..w til alw.iys spring- up on the same s..il, where 



11 

iK'lorc stood the forest whoM- cnci-v tree Iiiul iiiiijc^tv fiioiiL:Ii to 
hv 

"Tlio mast of some tall A.lmiial." 

AVf li;ivr now l(if t w !• yf;ir> ::iiil iihpic <-t' ;i civil strife tli;it 
li:is iu-\cT JKi.l its |);ir.illel in liistorv, :it teni|.lt'.l liy the \v;ii:-er of 
l>:ittle to (leei.Ie the lejirfiil issues th;it have iii.nle <.f a <.iice |.ei-- 
feet I'liioii, two waninn- nations. 

Ami K't ine ask of you in all solenniity tlii< day, w hen our 
inerry-iuakinu,s are turned to fuiu'ral marches, who is there, 
"when he reilet-ts si)lennily ami thouuhtfully ujion the |>aL;-es i>| 
tlie WcM-hl's hist(U-y — uiiou the sava-xe ]ironi]ttinL(s ui' the human 
heart in the madiu'ss of passion — ui)oii its wild tiirolts of liati', 
and its tierce thirst for revenge, tliat <lries uj) the very s,,id- 
spriuLis of hiiniaiiity ; — that ran see clearly tlu- pathway to tlu- 
restoration of (»ur oiu-e irloi'ioiis I'nion, over the Ixulics ot' his 
slauiclitered countrymen, aiul tlirouu-h the red ruin and feartui 
liavoe (4' desolation, that runs like Ate, '• hot fr..m hell l>y w ar's 
o-rini ehariot all drenehe<l with human u(>i<' ":'" ^ "U may talK^j 
to mo as much as you ]»Iease about the destiny of the human { 
race — of natural uei>Lr>':i]>hieal hoiindaries — of hreakinu' up' what i 
Ciod has estahlishvd without our devic-es — of an I'liioii forme<lV/ 
l)y the iittinii-s and c-ements of centuries ; hut there is somethinix 
hiji'her, truer, and far l)eyon<l all these clap-tra]i exju-essiou'-, 
that are fulminated fi-om Northern rostrums and Northern 
puljiits, when the ministers of the meek and lowly one i>f Na/a- 
reth, Avhose feet should he shod Avith the ])i-»'paratit)n of the 
(Jospel of ]Va<-e, eonu' into the sacred desk with the l.attlc- 
light iipoM their countenances, and their uarnienls rolled in 
l)iood. 

Tliere arc ureat natural law s written with the h'nui-r of tlu> 
JNIost Jliuh, "That stritc is the hcLietter of strite ;" "That for 
tlic shcddinirof man's hloi^d, man's hlood must he shed ;" Thai. 
Avar's ]»assions an- not Sdcial ajrcncics, hut anti-social, sprimLrinir 
from hat (.', not lovi'. We all know, if we hut express our honest 
convictions, that nothiuLrcan i-nianate from continued indulncm-e 
in war's fell and terrihle passions, hut Juore w idi'-spn-ad ha\oc. 
more fearful devastation ; and in the end anarchy, or a military 
despoti-m. TIk' i-ed, iiei-y currents of la\a thai run liissinLT 



12 

dtiwn tlic s'uK'S (if I'ltiia. ni' W'smius, do not st-altor l>lossinLr'^ :is 
tlicy run. The soil is not incjre fcrtik' AviR'rt' their sc-orc-liiiiu; 
footsteps liave left tluir trace, nor does the olive and the vine 
s])rin<; witli ranker luxuriance from the sides of the mountain 
that vomits the blazing lava from its fiery tliroat. The ocean 
of the tropics in some wild volcanic convulsion at its bottom, 
lias been kn(j\vn to throw to the surface an island ; but it Avas 
blank, drear and desolate, and looked as if it mioht liave been 
scathed and scarred by the li«rhtnin<x and the thumlerbolt. The 
gentle insi)iration of centuries of sun and air, of dews and fer- 
tertilizing showers, were needed to clothe it a\ ith livin<j: verdure, 
until it bloomed and blossomed like one of the Islands of the 
IJKsf. You mioht as well have exi)ected that agitated ocean to 
lia\c throw II to tlic surface a perfect picture of ]>eace, serenity 
and beauty, as to hope for a restored and strengthened Union 
to i-isc from the waters of this cruel strife, through war's vol- 
canic agency. The gentle dove of i)eace must brood long and 
lovingly over the scarred and shattered thing; the inspiration 
of tlie heavt'n-st'ut dews, and fertilizing showers of centuries of 
kindly otticcs and gentle intercourse, must descend before the 
fearful creation of this war can rejoice or its "waste places "bloom 
ami blossom liki- tlii' lose." It Avas the dove spirit brooding 
over chaos that brought light out of darkness, order out of 
confusion, and evoked, after long cycles of time, a smiling crea- 
tion of beauty and peace, when rude matter gradually i)ut on 
new forms, in outw ard shajie most excellent, in mechanism most 
admirable. 

This is what nature teaches, and what man understands, when 
liis fears or jiassions ci-ase to be his guides, and lie follows the 
majestic movements of divine reason. ^Ir. Everett compre- 
hended more ])rosaicalIy this princiiile, although his ])r(nerbial 
want of moral courage has caused him since to bend before the 
stoian, when he said : '• The suggestion that this Union can be 
maintained, or if once separated can be restori-d by the military 
pi-i.we>s of one section, I'Xerteil to coeiHH' tlu' oilier into siili- 
mission, is as sell-contradictory as dangerou-. It conu's loa<U'<l 
with the death-smell of fields wi't with brothers* bloo.l. If the 
^ital principle of all republican go\ernnient is the consent of the 
go\frned, niucli more does an nninn ot" co(^(pial sovereigns re- 



i:: 

(|uin' u-^ \\< l).isi>; (111- Ini-ni'iiiy i.t' it-; iiiciiiliciN, mikI llicir \<iliiii- 
tary co-oin-ialiDii in its oi-t^aiiic t'mictiuns." 

Aii.l yet ill tlu- far*' of tliis (nilli licic so <:i-aii.|ly slalcl, its 
jiutlior to-ilay is lalxn-iiivr to in-ovc that his own postulates wen- 
shaiiH'k'ss tiihrications ami fallarii-s. To-day thcri- arc im-n <if- 
liuk'tl I'lioiiLrli to l)»'Iif\i', iioiw itlistamliiiix the ri'vciatioiis of the 
]iast, notwitlistainliiiLT tin- |ii-om|itiii<xs of coiiiiiion sciisr, ami tin- 
i\'\ilalioiiN of iliiir o\\ n hoiu-st instincts of Iiuinanily, that this 
war is hriiiLi- u auci], ami iiiiist ri-siik in the restoration of the 
Union as it w a--, 'rcli nic you art' wa^iiii; a w ar for suhjiiLration 
or ainiihilatioii, ami I fully coni]irehen«l yon, ht-caiisc the^c arc 
results that ha\c1i(en aiul may au'a'ni lie Itroic^Mit ahoiit tiu-on-^'h 
the aLrencies of war; hut m hen yoii talk to nu-ahont a war fu- 
tile I'nion, \ou state a eoiitra«liction in terms. It is a //"// 
gci]>iitir in lotric, unless you propose ami make it clear to nu' 
that Vdu have the power to chancre the whole natnieot" humani- 
ty. Whenever you prove to nie that '•'tlu-lloh will not <|ui\er 
when the pincers tear," that "1>lr)oil will not follow wln'iiihe 
kiiile is driven, " then y(Ui will convince me that low and recon- 
ciliation will wait upon those a<rencies, which since man's tall in 
Eden have j»rodiu-ed irrecoiicilalile hate and a mad thirst tor 
revenge. 

But we continually hear it said, " we nnist exercise the vi<^ror 
of the government to put down rebellion." That is the old cry 
of despotisms. Wounds and shrieks and tears, to let loose armies 
and to desolate whole provinces, these are the agencies hy which 
absolute monarchs Avould restore order an<l «>l>edienci'. The 
glare and tinsel of military display, the rumbling of siege train>, 
and the hideous belching of artillery, are too ot\en miscalled 
governmental vigor, w hen they are in reality only evidence of 
weakness and corruption. The government that was base<l 
upon the consent of the governetl, and that recognizes in its very 
Declaration of Inde|»endence, the right of the pi'ople in certain 
emergencies to alter and abolish goveninients, but still is eom- 
])elled by military coercion to sustain its strengtli among its own 
subjects, show s that the period of its downfall has arrived. Siege 
trains and artillery, are a poor substitut*- for the ballot boxes of 
free men, :ind bring along w ith them accompanying and peculiar 
vice<, that sooiM r <u- lalir leave their impie-- upon th< pe..ple. 



14 

Ttic milit.-ii-y dcsjiotism llint soon sii|.|il;nifs the jtoj.iiiiir will ;ui(l 
uiKUTinim- |iii|iiil;ii- iii-titiiti<nis, ;is (luk'kly trniiiiik's out t-vt-rv 
\fsti-v nf tiHnMl..iii. IihU'|k'Ii<K'1ic-c' of tliouii'lit :iii(l 1>o1.1ik'ss of 
nclioii ;iiv soon -titled, aii'l men l;-' aliout witli Imtcl l.renlli nn.l 
wliis|HTinLi- liunililcniss. ]Ir,i\ y t;i.\c'S and liK-rativi- otfu-ial fiii- 
]iloyinc'nt lucnl a spawn of i>luii(U'i\'rs, fxtortvoiKM*:* and joblters 
as the air-L'X]tosod carrion docs njaiii-ots. The morals of tlic 
]ieo]ilc ai-c soon undermined, and financial distress and ruin 
make men reckless of consequences. Sai<l Sydney Smitli on one 
occasion: "To let loose hu/.zars, and to loiu!:," u]> artillery, to 
U-overn with liu"hte<l matclies, and to cut and stal), and push and 
jirimi'— this is what men sometimes call the vigor of the ,<j:overn- 
iiient ; Iml I call this not viu"(>r, l>ut the sloth of cruelty anil 
iLiiioiance."' Thi' clilldi-en of this ueneratioii have conceived 
tlieinsi'lves wiser tlian those " childri'ii of li^lit,"' our fathers, 
anil are attemptins: to do Avliat the uu-n who framed our Consti- 
tution, ])ronounced to he an impossible thing, namely, "to 
restore a severed I'nioii by the sword, and to win hack «rood will 
and affection by the agencies of military coercion." " Tlie sirord 
can <rn'i(h\ hut am nnver re-cement thix. Union hi/ the hlood of 
■Its oil-,, ri/i-r/is,''^ said Elhridge Gerry. Said Oliver Elsworth, 
aftirwaids Chief Justice, "Attempt to execute the lairs of the 
Ciilon hij nend'nKj tin anueJ force afjainst a disobedient State 
or States, and the nation trill he invoiced in untold calamities. 
Its Constitution will soon ce<(se to he, and a Qnilitary despotism 
enijnlpli the cii'il ritjhts and liberties of the citizen.'''' 

M'hese warning words wi-ri.' sounding in the ears of this dehuh-d 
]peo]ple, wluMi thetram)( of armed Northern millions deat'eni'd 
Ihem so that they rould not hear, and the blazon of their banners 
and the glitter of their nniski'ts l)linded them so that ihey t-oiild 
not see. Ibil the]tublic sense of hearing and siglit .are r.-ipidly 
being i-estored. The wail of tin- widows and the orphan, the 
groans ..f the woMndc<l and the mutilated are lou.ler now in the 
pidtlii- ear, than tin- niea>nreil li-amp of military li'gions. 'I'he 
dun smoke of the war-cloud has dinnned somewhat ihi' bright- 
ness and bla/.oiiry of those banners ; and the <lre;idliil carnage 
of lields wet with brothir>" blood lia< tarnished 

" Tiio >iiiin-lc(l >lacn uf thai scrriiil ho.-t." 



15 



Tw I) years .>|' a pii.trailci stniirLilc rrsiiliiiiLr iii m.iliin.^r |,ii( 
w iil( r aru'iiatioii, iiiorr itilciiv.' Iiaticil, mii.'i m coiiiiilclt- •Iciiior.ili- 
/.alion. iii'Mi> iin'til inn i lu' u iilc >|inMil niiii rni;cinlfrc<l in tin- 
luiNiinvs rclatiniis nf (lie ci.iilil i\ , iiiu>l lia\f liia<lr liiaiiilrst tlial 
a colli iiiuaiicc nt' \\\\- war I". ri-.i,,ir llir I'ninn, i«. hnl t lie (lit-aiii 
i>r ;i iiiailmaii, <irllu' lyiiin <h'liisioii of a kiia\j'. K\('r\ Imiir uT 
(his tiiici' siniuLilc plants a wc<liri' snmcw lini- to il'n iilc an<l <li>- 
intcu'Mlo. Oil! it is a Imrnini: slianu-, witli all the intellectual 
]»r()i;i-ess ot'tlic race at this lunir in the w i>rlirsila\ , that t wuaiinies 
<it" men i>f the same tamily aiiil nation shduhl l»e exereisinic theii- 
w ickc<l iiiLiemiity t<MU'ci<leh(i\v they can most teaifiilly niani^'leaml 
kill each nthei- ; ami this to settli- a ]>rinci|ile that a few months ,,f 
peaci fill, passionless diplomaf-y coiihl arraniTc t'oicvcr. Ilul this 
is not all. It is a luirninL;- shame that men outside of these ai- 
niies — christian nun? no, mi-n deluding: themselves that tliey 
are t-lnistians, should he found houndiiii,' thesi- armies on to 
slaui^hter, and ri'joicini;- wherever the toleixram announces a 
vii-tory ovei- their own countrymen — manfestini; all the insane 
excitement in wat«'hini; the result, as diil the Romans in the 
Coliseum, Avheri' uladiators and sla\cs wire Imtchcicd. "Mo 
makeaUoman holiday." Ai^ain wmdd they ha\<- this tearful 
feast of death rejieate<l Avith all its siekeniiii; horrors, with 
its mutilated, iLraspini; sulfen-rs, in order to settle a punctilio. 
Avarice, with greedy lo(»k, is uririnir on another advance that 
with rapacious clutch, it may ix-ceive its lion share of the spoils, 
and i'ol» the \ cry dead with its Ioul; line of camp to|h>w«'r«;. 
.\mliition, " seckiii'j:" the If.ihMe reputation at the cannon's 
mouth/' is pi-oiid of its mililary pomp, and would au^iin -ticw 
till' uory plain with the tortured, the dyiii- and the -lea-l, th.at it 

miirht iiatheronc more fnliiii; laurel for its M l-stained hrows. 

Such sci'iKs as these must make the ani^'els wee]i, and the<lemons 
of the infernal pit rejoice. .\nd yet this is ;i war for tlu- I'nion I 
Ivasli fanatics I You will .is soon unite thosi' shatttTed limits 
to tliat poor trunk u|>on yonder liattle tiehl — that <;hastly he:nl 
to tliose shoulders from which it has Ihvii torn hy the deadly 
shell, and make them li\e au'iiin, .as eNcr re-miite the hrokeii 
fiau'nuails of this Inioii, and make f/„,„ lixeaLTain as l.efore. 



'i'hc >word and thel.ayoiiet in a civil stiilv lik<- the pn-ent. 
between two such people, tan nexer help (o the piopi |- di^povi- 



IG 

lioii in tilt' miinl of ritlicr sin-tion lur a wise adjiistiiu'iit, and 
can iievcr take the ]>laee of that civil wisdum without whose 
aid all the triumphs of the battle tield are useless. In spite of 
all the efforts of those "who are interested to jirolong this Avar, 
the liiMir for compromise, for settlement, must come; and in 
vitw (if the immense interests at stake, Lotli for ourselves and 
th(.se dealer than ourselves, our children, -we must endeavor to 
do all that in ns lies to hasten its cominu-. It is only fools or 
kna\<'^ who viJH continue to declare that we cannot treat witli 
rebels, we cannot liold jiarley Avith those who are strikinij at 
the nation's life. An absolute monarch may talk about crushing 
out turbulent suhjects ; l)ut a free government, Avhere the people 
are sovereign, and theii- i-ulers are servants, and Avhose broad 
foundation stone was the consent of the governed, can have no 
desire, nay, has no right to crush out its own citizens. There 
can be no truth more undeniable than this, and the logic of 
events is demonstrating it every hour, that Avhen Xorthern 
States tight against Southern upon the pretext of saving our 
nationality — they tight for a sham or a shadow, like the dog in 
the fable, Avho in snapi)ing after the shadow in the brook of the 
substantial meat between liis jaws, lost the solid meat by the 
operation. We have had evidence enough since this luifortimate 
civil ^\ ar connnenced, by the loss of one civil right after another 
here at the North, and by usurpations that savor of the vilest 
despotism, how soon such a Avar Avill extinguish our constitu- 
tional lilierties, ami destroy the Constitution itself, upon Avhose 
broad toundations our nationality rests. There is fearful appre- 
hension at this hour in the minds of thoughtful men, that our 
(Tovernment is fast losing its outward form, and centralizmg 
and consolidating ])o\\ IT in tin- head. It is true, avc have a 
President armed with the conservative veto to check uuAvhole- 
fsome legislation ; but that officer has already claimed the right 
to sus])en<l the Constitution, Avhenever the exigency, in liis OAvn 
opinion, arises, that shall demand it. The anomaly is ])resented 
of the ( reatui-e susjicuding the jiower of the creator. The agent 
conilpjains that the powers granted by the principal are not suffi- 
cient, ami therefore he cri'ates the ])Owers he does not tind in 
his eoinmi-sioii. I( is true a\ c have a Senate, intend(.'(| to 
e.|iiali/.e the powers of the State-, and to operate as a check 
Ix.lh upon (he l\\ecnti\e and the lower lioii-e of ('oiiLiTcss ; l)ut 



17 

that Ixxly, like the IJoinan Sciiale in its .IccliiH', lias vi-il.'.l its 
iacf ami lioucl its |u'a<l in tin- ].ri-M'iicf of tlii' Dictator. It is 
true, we lia\r a House of lvi-|tresi'iitativcs to sjirak for a iiia- 
joiity of the people of tho States, and to preserve that e<|nili- 
hiiiim so necessary ill our system ; luit that hody has loiitj siiici- 
ceased to lie independent, and like the (lo\ eminent of .Mary- 
land, ineiily re'^isters e\ecuti\ I- derices. The Supreme Court, 
or<iaiii/.e<l toi- lite, or durinir Lr<>"<l hehavioi-, may he our safe- 
iruard ; an<l yet in its lemodelh'il state, its intcirrity and tirnmess 
an- yi't to he tried, audit is douhtcd hy many whether even that 
trihunal shall pro\c ei[ual to the crisis. Assumptions are so 
boldly maiU', and the i^reat ah-^olutc rights of the citizens so 
ojionly dei-ided and nioikt'<l at, that if this war continues another 
twelve-month, the (piestion may have to he ilecidcti in America 
—the hirth-place and cradle of liherty— whether liherty shall be 
rescued or, l)ound hand and foot, shall be otl'ered a sacrilice on 
the altar of a military di-spotisin. No man can hom-stly bi-lieve 
for one moment that a further continuam-e of this war will tbrm 
union, establish justice, insuri' donu-stic tran(|uility, ami senire 
the bk'ssiiiiis oi' liberty to oui-vel\cs .md our posterity ; .-iihI vet 
tlu'se are the only obji'cts for the securini,'- ot" which this .ju\crn- 
ment was ci-eated. 

If this war is iu»t to cease — if the stronger section, the North, 
that professes not to l)e swayed liy the impulses of passion, re- 
fuses in a spirit of maLTiianimity to declare tor an armistice, in 
which the heat of passion shall liave time to cool — then it be- 
comes a war for subjuLrati<iii or aimiliilation. I would not do 
such despite to the nietnoiy of my Fathers, to the Lrhirious 
record of an .Viiixlo Saxon line.iLTc, as to ailmit the |iossiliilitv 
that any eiijlit millions of' our own raci- can be subjii<rated bv 
any force the Xoith can biin«,^ airainst tlu-m. ^'ou may annihi- 
late, but snbjuuate. never. Their blood, like our own, was 

" Fi'tcluMl fr..ni t;itli.T< ..I' w:ir prudf," 

and in many a uallant struu^lf since they have proven that it 
has lost none of its martial lire. These Southern hearts once 
throbbed with your own, like the hearts of twins that have 
rested beneath the same mati'inal breasts. They once throbbed 



18 

ill unison, like the liciirts of brothers, who touether liave at- 
tained the l)aj)tisni of hhjod and tire. 

.Annihilation is alike inij»ossil)le with a nation tliat jtrofesses 
to wvAV a christian heart in its l)osoni. Besides, all eln-istendom 
would Justly ci-v ahuid against the deep damnation of such a 
deed as this, while the demoralizing influences and usur])ed 
jtoweis that must be evoked to execute such a hellisli judg- 
ment, woiUd reduce the North to a despotic })Ower, worse than 
Ghenghis Khan or Tamerlane ever controlled. Sudi results 
have been accomplislied, when the will of the despot was the 
su])reme law — in such devastating wars as the Timours and 
Attilas of the world have waged — Avhen the grass never grew 
where the hoofs of their chargers i)ressed, and the smoke of the 
countiy went up like the smoke of a furnace — never surely by 
a republic, whose chief corner stone was "the consent of the 
governed," and whose ju-incipal object was "to establish justice 
and insure domestic traiKpiility." 

I stand here to-day, citizens, beneath the broad banner that 
once floated over laiul and sea, the end)lem of a conunon nation- 
ality, of cuniinou ^acrilices, and coinniuu hi>pr-«. 1 long to see 
it onci' more i-estoi-c(l to its original lu>tre, and protecting be- 
neath its peaceful -hadow evi-ry State in this Union from the 
Lakes to the (Julf, and from the Atlantic coast, to where Cali- 
fornia rolls down her golden sands to the Pacific. l>ut if it is 
to be the red T)amier of con<|uest, advancing before 

''An untitled tyrant, bloody sceptrVl," 

I would \r:i\- it tVuni it> stall' and IrainpK' it under foot, foi- tlii^n, 
indeed, would it lia'.e iiecoiui', w hat Abolitionism has long de- 
clared it to be, 

" A flauntinj; lie." 

I have been tiom the lir>t opposed to this war. I was op- 
p(»setl to it at it> inception, becau.-e I fon-aw the fearlid 
COnse(piences that must ensue. 1 am oppo-i'd to its t'urther 
])rosecution now, bec.iusi' i'\ei-y houi- of its continuance only 
complicate- the ditlieulties that sunound us. and can only leail 
where civil wars have always led, to the demoralization and 
complete disintegration of the peoph's who engage in it. I 



sh.ill Imil tlu' lioiii- w hen the S|ii|. of State, |ia>>iiii: out of the 
lurid -laiT of the tiiu|..'s| ..f w.ir, utu-r \\u,vr ri.lcs safe at 
Muchoi- iu tlir l.lcs<i'.l calui of llir lia\cii of |.car<-. 

Aiiimalcl l,y l.ut ouc .l.-iiv, my couutry's Wfltiiiv, I have 
adlirrrd to tlii> \\r\\ llndu-li all the >ulU'rin«x an<l jKTsc-cutioii 
that \vA\v (iiNii-oiicd nif. It i- uiy coiiscicutious t-oin ictiou of 
its ti-uth. li.ini ami. I tlic painful li-a\ail of uiy own spirit, iu tlu- 
silent eliaml.ei-> of my o\\ u -oul, t liat lias eiial.ieil uie to I.ear 
all, sulfei- all. it is iliiM'on\ieti..ii that will iu the future euahle 
uie in sueh a cause to eudure hate's yell. eu\y"s hiss ami lollv's 
bray, kiiowiu-- that it isthecaiisi- ot'tlu' r)le>se<l Om-, who eaiiie 
to Uriuii- |»<-':ife, not a swonl. At tirst tlu' eaiiM- was weak and 
lieljiless, hut it will he with it, as it e\tr is with aiiv work 
upon whieh \\v lifts u]) the- liyht ot' His eountt'iiaiu'i' to hjess it 
as it is with the har\i"sts upon whieh He j)ours his Lr<>hli'ti mmi- 
lio-lit, and distilleth His ueiitle rain : -first the hhule. then the 
ear, then tlie full eoru in tin.- ear."' The t'ull corn in the ear ha> 
not yet iudeeil couu', hut it is I'apidly rijieuiiiL;". The >i'^ii> of 
the times manilest how the populai- heart is hi'atim:-. and the 
hour is not far distant when 

" No more the thirsty Erinnys of the soil 

Shall dauh her lips with her own cliilihun's l)Iooil. 

No more shall trenched war channel her fields, 

Nor bruise her flow'rets, with the armed hoof of hostile paces." 

I know in the modern acceptation of" the teiau, it i> con<i<lere(| 
disloyal even to wish for peace. I am u illiiiLr to accept what- 
ever ineainnu" attaches to the appellation, prelerrin<; to he loval 
to my own conscience and sense than to any artificial standard 
that uu'U set up who Like counsel ot" their ti-ars, or who view 
the attacks on the war as the silversmith- of Demetrius looked 
upon the insults to the u'oddess Diana, :is interferiuLT with the 
craft hy wlii.h they <.l»taine.| their wealth. If to helieve that 
the policy of this Administration, as now fidly develoj»ed, will 
never end this war sueeessfully, even if watered with the hlood 
of countless hecatoiulis of slaiiirlitered victims, he disloyalty, 
then am I a tiaitor. If to Ixdieve that the prosecuti(»n of sueh 
a wai- with tlu- ohject- now avowed, will never rt-unife these 
warriuL;- sections. In- di-lov.dt v, then am I .1 tr.aitoi'. If f,, |,i.. 



LIBRPRY OF CONGRESS 



012 027 039 4 



i>0 



lieve tliut a speedy peace is iiitinitely jtreierable to the pr(»l( (liga- 
tion of sueli a war, be disloyal — then am I traitor. 

In the words of Liitterell, advocating ]jeace with the C\>lonies 
in 1782, in tlie Eiiglisli House of Conniions : 

" I am loyal to the best interests of my country when I ask 
that this terrible war shall cease, that it may recover from the 
ghastly Avoutids already inflicted. I am loyal to humanity when 
I ask that this horrid slaughter of the men of one family and 
nation shall cease. T am loyal to my Redeemer Avhen I ask that 
the passions engeiuU-ied by A\;ir, shall give place to the sober 
agencies of reason, in the name of that Blessed One, ' who was 
King of Salem, that is Prince of Peace.' " 



Hollinger 

pH8.5 

Mill Run F3-1955 



